The recent release of 17 new dietary guidelines by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) in collaboration with the National Institute of Nutrition (NIN) marks a significant milestone in promoting healthy eating habits across India. Among these guidelines, the emphasis on cautionary consumption of caffeinated beverages, particularly tea and coffee, has stirred significant attention and debate. Let’s delve into a detailed review of these guidelines and their implications for public health. First and foremost, the guidelines underscore the importance of a diverse diet and regular physical activity, aligning with global recommendations for optimal health. However, it’s the nuanced recommendations regarding tea and coffee consumption that have garnered widespread interest and scrutiny.
ICMR advises against consuming tea, coffee, and other caffeinated drinks alongside meals or immediately after meals, citing concerns about their impact on nutrient absorption and physiological dependence. The recommendation to avoid tea for at least an hour before and after meals aims to mitigate potential interference with iron absorption. This caution stems from the presence of tannins in caffeinated beverages, which bind with dietary iron, rendering it less bioavailable to the body. Such interference could contribute to iron deficiency and related conditions, including anaemia, particularly in vulnerable populations. Moreover, the guidelines highlight the potential cardiovascular repercussions of excessive tea and coffee consumption. Caffeine, a central nervous system stimulant found in these beverages, can elevate blood pressure and trigger cardiac irregularities, underscoring the importance of moderation in consumption.
The recommended daily caffeine intake limit of 300 mg serves as a practical benchmark for individuals to manage their consumption effectively. By providing approximate caffeine content in common servings of coffee and tea, the guidelines empower consumers to make informed choices regarding their caffeine intake, thereby mitigating potential health risks associated with excessive consumption. One notable recommendation is the suggestion to avoid milk tea in favor of plain tea, citing purported benefits such as improved blood circulation and reduced risk of coronary artery disease and stomach cancer. While the preference for plain tea may align with traditional practices and emerging research on the health benefits of certain tea compounds, it may also prompt cultural and culinary considerations among tea enthusiasts.
ICMR’s new dietary guidelines offer a comprehensive framework for promoting healthy eating habits and mitigating potential health risks associated with excessive tea and coffee consumption. By emphasizing moderation, timing, and awareness of caffeine content, these guidelines empower individuals to make informed choices conducive to their overall well-being. However, further research and public education efforts may be warranted to elucidate the nuanced effects of tea and coffee consumption on health outcomes, ensuring that dietary recommendations remain evidence-based and culturally sensitive.
